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"Arawakan languages Grammar."
صنف حسب:
Negation in Arawak Languages
Negation in Arawak Languages presents detailed descriptions of negation constructions in nine Arawak languages (Apurinã, Garifuna, Kurripako, Lokono, Mojeño Trinitario, Nanti, Paresi, Tariana, and Wauja), and an overview of negation in this major language family.
eBook
A Reference Grammar of Kotiria (Wanano)
Published through the Recovering Languages and Literacies of the Americas initiative, supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.
This volume is the first descriptive grammar of Kotiria (Wanano), a member of the eastern Tukanoan language family spoken in the Vaupes River basin of Colombia and Brazil in the northwest Amazon rain forest. The Kotirias, who have lived in this remote region for more than seven hundred years, participate in the complex Vaupés social system, characterized by long-standing linguistic and cultural interaction. The Kotirias remained relatively isolated from the dominant societies until the early part of the twentieth century, when increasing outside influence in the region triggered rapid social and linguistic change. Today the Kotirias number only about sixteen hundred people, and their language, though still used in traditional communities, is in risk of becoming endangered.
Kristine Stenzel draws on eight years of intensive work with the Kotirias to promote, record, and revitalize their language. Working with dozens of native speakers and drawing on numerous oral narratives and written texts, this book is the first comprehensive study of this endangered language and one of the few reference grammars of this language family.
eBook
A Grammar of Kulina
The series builds an extensive collection of high quality descriptions of languages around the world. Each volume offers a comprehensive grammatical description of a single language together with fully analyzed sample texts and, if appropriate, a word list and other relevant information which is available on the language in question. There are no restrictions as to language family or area, and although special attention is paid to hitherto undescribed languages, new and valuable treatments of better known languages are also included. No theoretical model is imposed on the authors; the only criterion is a high standard of scientific quality.
eBook
What conditions tone paradigms in Yukuna: Phonological and machine learning approaches
Yukuna is an understudied Arawak language of North-West Amazonia with a privative tonal system. In this system, roots are underlyingly specified for tone, whilst affixes are toneless. However, affixation interacts with tone, leading to many variations in surface tonal patterns. This paper puts forth a qualitative analysis of Yukuna’s tonal system, and provides data-driven evidence in favor of this analysis using machine learning methods. More precisely, we use decision trees and random forests to assess quantitatively the predictions of the phonological analysis. A manually annotated corpus of verbal paradigms was split into a training and a testing set. We trained the computational classifiers on the first and tested their predictions on the second. We found that they predict the majority of the patterns and support the qualitative analysis. Additionally, they suggest avenues for enhancing the phonological analysis, by providing a ranking of the variables that highlight statistical tendencies within tonal patterns. Besides its contribution to understanding tonal systems in general and of that of Yukuna in particular, our work also suggests that such machine learning approaches might become part of the complex theoretical and methodological toolkit needed for language description and linguistic theory development.
Journal Article
Inalienability in social relations: Language, possession, and exchange in Amazonia
This article describes inalienability in the Wauja (Arawak) language in the context of Brazilian Upper Xinguan culture. Wauja grammar encodes a distinction between alienable and inalienable possession that marks kin, body parts, and other terms and that largely but not perfectly overlaps with a local cultural category of emblematic possessions. I analyze how grammatical and cultural aspects of inalienable possession combine in discourse and exchange to contribute to the social identities of possessors. I present an ethnographic account of the role of inalienability in Wauja grammar and discourse in the disruption and repair of social relationships between groups in Upper Xinguan ritual. I argue for a mutually reinforcing relationship between grammatical categories and sociocultural meaning. I suggest that attention to language and possession, in addition to language and identity, is important for cross culturally comparative sociolinguistic analysis of such connections. (Inalienable possession, grammatical categories, discourse, exchange, Upper Xingu, Wauja (Arawak), ethnolinguistic identity)*
Journal Article
Causative Marking in Resígaro (Arawakan): A Descriptive and Comparative Perspective
The aim of this paper is twofold: The first and major aim is to contribute to the grammatical description of the underdescribed and severely endangered Arawakan language Resigaro, spoken in Colombia and Peru, by providing a description of the intricate morphophonology and of the morphosyntactic patterns of causative marking in this language. In doing so, this paper also treats some general grammatical characteristics of the language, such as tone and argument marking. The Resigaro causative marker is used to increase the valency of both intransitive and transitive verbs. The causative objects of causativized verbs are the only syntactically obligatory objects in the language. The second, more minor aim of this paper is a brief comparison of the Resigaro causative marker with cognate forms in the related Arawakan languages Achagua, Piapoco, and Tariana. This reveals syntactic and semantic parallels that point to a close association of causativization and transitivity in this group of languages. This type of causatives contrasts with so-called sociative causatives of Southern Amazonia. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
Multilingual Imperatives: The Elaboration of a Category in Northwest Amazonia
The Vaupés River Basin in northwest Amazonia is a well‐established linguistic area. Its major feature is obligatory societal multilingualism which follows the principle of linguistic exogamy: “those who speak the same language as us are our brothers, and we do not marry our sisters.” Speakers of East Tucanoan languages and of one Arawak language, Tariana, participate in the exogamous marriage network and share the obligatory multilingualism.
Long‐term interaction between East Tucanoan languages and Tariana has resulted in the rampant diffusion of grammatical and semantic patterns and calquing of categories. A typologically unusual system of 11 imperatives in Tariana bears a strong impact from East Tucanoan languages; but to say that imperative meanings were just borrowed or calqued from East Tucanoan languages would be a simplification. The markers come from different non‐imperative categories, via distinct mechanisms. I discuss the mechanisms involved in the development of Tariana multiple imperatives and then address the crucial question: Which factors facilitate the diffusion of commands?
Journal Article
Classifiers in Multiple Environments: Baniwa of Içana/Kurripako—A North Arawak Perspective
Baniwa of Içana/Kurripako, a North Arawak language, has two genders and numerous classifiers employed in various morphosyntactic environments: with numbers, as derivational suffixes on nouns, in possessive constructions, and on adjectives. Some classifiers have the same form in all contexts, while others have different forms. The Baniwa of Içana/Kurripako system is contrasted with the system in Tariana, a closely related North Arawak language which underwent massive restructuring under the influence of the neighboring East Tucanoan languages. Comparison with other Arawak languages of the region provides additional evidence in favor of the system of Baniwa of Içana/ Kurripako classifiers being more archaic than that of Tariana.
Journal Article
Nominal Classification in the North West Amazon: Issues in Areal Diffusion and Typological Characterization
Seifart et al explore nominal classification in languages spoken in the North West Amazon, where the Putumayo, Caqueta, and Vaupes river basins approach the Amazon River and where the borders of Colombia, Brazil, and Peru meet. The languages come from the Witotoan, Peba-Yaguan, Arawak, and Eastern Tucanoan families.
Journal Article